Preventive protection in museums includes all strategies that control the process of destruction of cultural and historical monuments and prevent damage to them. The first step in these activities is the museum pests’ identification so that the pest management program can be used in museums. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the Niavaran Museum Palace pests and suggest methods for preventing them. Method and Research Design: In this study, insects were examined in three buildings of the Niavaran Museum Palace complex including the Royal Library, Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, and Sahebgharanieh Palace. The study was carried out using a field laboratory method. Insects were collected from all aspects of buildings using brushes and traps. The samples were identified after examination in the laboratory. Findings and conclusion: The Niavaran Museum Palace insects belonged to the order Thysanura (having long caudal filaments), the beetles of the family Dermestidae, Ptinidae, and the moth butterflies of the family Tineidae. In order to develop an integrated pest management plan, the current methods of pest control in Niavaran Museum Palace were evaluated and preventive strategies and monitoring programs were presented, so that the use of pesticides is the last option.

Desert growth in Iran is a major problem. A large part of the country is surrounded by vulnerable areas at risk of desertification, so that about 75% of the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions of the country, face the effects and consequences of desertification. Effects such as the drying up of inland lakes, sandstorms, dust and intensification of wind erosion are a clear manifestation of the growing rate of desertification in recent years in the country. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, there is little vegetation due to lack of moisture and other adverse climatic conditions. As a result, soils are more prone to degradation, but in some of these areas, despite the lack of soil moisture, high temperatures and other unfavorable ecological conditions, the distances between plants are often covered by a community of microscopic plants, and this Communities are known as biological soil crusts. Biological soil crusts are the association of soil mineral particles with cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, or bryophytes and are common coverings in open spaces around vascular plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Biological crusts significantly affect early ecosystem processes and have been described as ecological engineers in arid regions.

Introduction: In the current study, the microscopic and chemical analysis of Algerian honey, pollen and propolis were investigated. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of honeybee products was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, their in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated. Anticancer activities were assessed using the MTT assay while the antimicrobial potential was studied using the microdilution method. The antioxidant activities were investigated using the 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (H2O2) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The TPC and TFC were evaluated via Folin-Ciocalteu’ s and AlCl3 assays, respectively. Results: In the GC-MS analyses, 36 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of pollen accounting for 92. 73% of the total extract; linolenic acid was the most abundant compound (21. 28%). Also, 23 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of propolis representing 29. 91% of the total extract; Z-nerolidol was the most abundant compound (8. 96%). Moreover, 17 compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of honey representing 99. 40% of the total extract while glyceraldehyde (27. 07%) was the major abundant compound. The ethanol extract from pollen yielded the highest TPC with 1169. 33 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. In the DPPH assay, the SC50 values ranged from 50. 74 to 53. 05 μ g/mL. Significant antimicrobial activities were associated with propolis with Gram positive bacteria as the most sensitive microorganisms. In addition, remarkable anticancer activities were observed for propolis against five human cancer cell lines with LD50 values in the range of 3-160 μ g/mL. Conclusions: Algerian Honeybee products, especially propolis, may be a potential source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the treatment of oxidative stress and cancer diseases.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Carbazoles are a type of heterocyclic compound which has been shown to have a variety of biological properties, including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticonvulsant effects. Carbazole can be considered by many medicinal chemists as a pharmacophoric nucleus because of its fused-ring structure with a highly conjugated system. This nucleus attracts the researchers’ attention for synthesizing a variety of bio-medically active compounds. Herein, an attempt is made to review the chemistry of this chemical nucleus and the biological potential of the carbazole-based derivatives.